Feasibility of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy in Patients with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement - An Ambispective Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has been shown to reduce postoperative complications. The feasibility of GDFT in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients under general anesthesia has not yet been demonstrated. We examined whether GDFT could be applied in patients undergoing TAVR in general anesthesia and its impact on outcomes. Methods: Forty consecutive TAVR patients in the prospective intervention group with GDFT were compared to 40 retrospective TAVR patients without GDFT. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, elective TAVR in general anesthesia, no participation in another interventional study. Exclusion criteria were lack of ability to consent study participation, pregnant or nursing patients, emergency procedures, preinterventional decubitus, tissue and/or extremity ischemia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease grade IV, atrial fibrillation or other severe heart rhythm disorder, necessity of usage of intra-aortic balloon pump. Stroke volume and stroke volume variation were determined with uncalibrated pulse contour analysis and optimized according to a predefined algorithm using 250 ml of hydroxyethyl starch. Results: Stroke volume could be increased by applying GDFT. The intervention group received more colloids and fewer crystalloids than control group. Total volume replacement did not differ. The incidence of overall complications as well as intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were comparable between both groups. GDFT was associated with a reduced incidence of delirium. Duration of anesthesia was shorter in the intervention group. Duration of the interventional procedure did not differ. Conclusion: GDFT in the intervention group was associated with a reduced incidence of postinterventional delirium.

Disminución de la debilidad muscular adquirida en una unidad de cuidados intensivos con la implementación de un protocolo multicomponente: ensayo clínico cuasiexperimental

Introducción. La debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con enfermedades críticas, que puede tener un impacto negativo en su pronóstico a corto y a largo plazo. Objetivos. Evaluar si la utilización de un protocolo multicomponente, que incluye movilidad activa temprana, manejo efectivo del dolor, reducción de la sedación, medidas no farmacológicas para prevenir el delirium, estimulación cognitiva y apoyo familiar, puede disminuir la incidencia de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al momento del egreso del paciente. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un ensayo clínico, no aleatorizado, en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos mixtas de un hospital de tercer nivel. Los participantes fueron pacientes mayores de 14 años con ventilación mecánica invasiva por más de 48 horas. Se aplicó como intervención un protocolo multicomponente y como control se utilizó el cuidado usual o estándar. Resultados. Ingresaron 188 pacientes al estudio, 82 al grupo de intervención y 106 al grupo control. La tasa de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso de la unidad fue significativamente menor en el grupo de intervención (41,3 % versus 78,9 %, p<0,00001). La mediana del puntaje de movilidad al momento del alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue mayor en el grupo de intervención (3,5 versus 2, p<0,0138). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medianas de días libres de respiración mecánica asistida, ni de unidad de cuidados intensivos al día 28, tampoco en la tasa de mortalidad general al egreso del hospital (18 versus 15 días, p<0,49; 18,2 % versus 27,3 %, p<0,167). Conclusiones. Un protocolo multicomponente que incluía movilidad activa temprana tuvo un impacto significativo en la reducción de la debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso en comparación con el cuidado estándar.

Introduction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a frequent complication that affects the prognosis of critical illness during hospital stay and after hospital discharge. Objectives. To determine if a multicomponent protocol of early active mobility involving adequate pain control, non-sedation, non-pharmacologic delirium prevention, cognitive stimulation, and family support, reduces intensive care unit-acquired weakness at the moment of discharge. Materials and methods. We carried out a non-randomized clinical trial in two mixed intensive care units in a high-complexity hospital, including patients over 14 years old with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. We compared the intervention -the multicomponent protocol- during intensive care hospitalization versus the standard care. Results. We analyzed 82 patients in the intervention group and 106 in the control group. Muscle weakness acquired in the intensive care unit at the moment of discharge was less frequent in the intervention group (41.3% versus 78.9%, p<0.00001). The mobility score at intensive unit care discharge was better in the intervention group (median = 3.5 versus 2, p < 0.0138). There were no statistically significant differences in the invasive mechanical ventilation-free days at day 28 (18 versus 15 days, p<0.49), and neither in the mortality (18.2 versus 27.3%, p<0.167). Conclusion. A multi-component protocol of early active mobility significantly reduces intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness at the moment of discharge.

Microteoría de enfermería en la prevención del delirium en personas mayores en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Nursing microtheory in the prevention of delirium in older adult in the intensive care unit / Microteoria de enfermagem na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na unidade de terapia intensiva

Objetivo: describir una microteoría para cuidados de enfermería en la prevención del delirio en personas mayores en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: investigación teórica prescriptiva, basada en la subconstrucción. Se dedujeron constructos del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy y se indujeron datos del fenómeno de cuidados de enfermería en la prevención del delirium en personas mayores en cuidados intensivos, a partir de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Resultados: la microteoría posee sistema teórico, operativo y modelo de cuidado. En el sistema teórico se utilizaron los constructos estímulo focal y contextual de Roy. A partir de ellos, se elaboraron los conceptos de cuidado focal y contextual y la variable respuesta adaptativa a la prevención. De las declaraciones relacionales se elaboraron cuatro axiomas, dos postulados, ocho proposiciones y una presuposición epistémica. En el sistema operativo se establecieron dos indicadores empíricos: el Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units y el historial demográfico/clínico de las personas mayores. Posteriormente, se produjeron dos declaraciones transformacionales, cuatro hipótesis y el modelo de cuidado representado en figura. Conclusión: la microteoría producida prescribe cuidados en la prevención del delirium en personas mayores en cuidados intensivos, por un constructo de interés para la enfermería, y permite intervenciones en el desarrollo de instrumentos que guían la actuación de la enfermería.

Objective: to describe a microtheory for nursing care in the prevention of delirium in older adult in the intensive care unit. Method: prescriptive theoretical research, based on substruction. Roy's Adaptation Model constructs were deduced and data from the phenomenon of nursing care in the prevention of delirium in older adult in intensive care were induced, based on an integrative literature review. Results: the microtheory has a theoretical and operational system and a model of care. In the theoretical system, Roy's focal and contextual stimulus constructs were used. From them, the concepts of focal and contextual care and the variable adaptive response to prevention were elaborated. From the relational statements, four axioms, two postulates, eight propositions and an epistemic assumption were elaborated. Two empirical indicators were established in the operating system: the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units and the demographic/clinical history of the older adult. Subsequently, two transformational statements, four hypotheses and the model of care represented in figure were produced. Conclusion: the microtheory produced prescribes care in the prevention of delirium in older adult in intensive care, through a construct of interest to nursing, and allows interceptions for the development of instruments that guide nursing activities.

Objetivo: descrever uma microteoria para cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: pesquisa teórica prescritiva, baseada na substrução. Foram deduzidos construtos do Modelo de Adaptação de Roy e induzidos dados do fenômeno dos cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na terapia intensiva, a partir de revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados: a microteoria possui sistema teórico, operacional e modelo de cuidado. No sistema teórico utilizaram-se os construtos estímulo focal e contextual de Roy. A partir deles elaboraram-se os conceitos de cuidado focal, contextual e a variável resposta adaptativa à prevenção. Das declarações relacionais elaboraram-se quatro axiomas, dois postulados, oito proposições e um pressuposto epistêmico. No sistema operacional, estabeleceram-se dois indicadores empíricos: o Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units e o histórico demográfico/clínico das pessoas idosas. Posteriormente, produziram-se duas declarações transformacionais, quatro hipóteses e o modelo de cuidado representado em figura. Conclusão: a microteoria produzida prescreve cuidados na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na terapia intensiva, por um construto de interesse para a enfermagem, além de permitir interceptações ao desenvolvimento de instrumentos que norteiam a atuação da enfermagem

Delirium and pain in patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery: prevalence and associated risk factors / Delirium e dor em pacientes no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca: prevalência e fatores de risco associados

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Delirium is an acute mental status change, with fluctuating course and high incidence in cardiac surgery (CS) post-operative (PO) period. Delirium can lead to short and long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of delirium and pain and their risk factors on the 1st PO day after CS. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytical research. To determine the presence of PO delirium, the Confusion Assessment Method modified for Intensive Care Unit setting (CAM-ICU) and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) were used. PO pain was analyzed using the Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) and the presence of neuropathic components was analyzed using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale. After bedside analysis, patients were divided into Delirium (D) and Without Delirium (WD) groups. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 79. The prevalence of delirium was 16.5% (95% CI = 9.06 - 26.49%) and the mean number of comorbidities in the preoperative period was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of delirium (D =4.15±2.37 versus WD=2.96±1.78, p: 0.04). Another significant risk factor was the group older than 65 years of age, with the occurrence of delirium 1.45 times higher (PR=1.12-1.88, p: 0.0014). Regarding pain evaluation, 72.15% (95% CI 60.93 - 81.65%) reported it in the 1st PO day. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of delirium was similar to previous studies. The number of previous comorbidities and advanced age were risk factors for delirium. Pain was present predominantly over the sternotomy incision region.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Delirium é uma alteração aguda do estado mental, com curso flutuante e alta incidência no pós-operatório (PO) de cirurgia cardíaca (CC). O delirium pode levar a consequências a curto e longo prazo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de delirium e dor e seus fatores de risco no 1º dia PO após CC. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico. Para determinar delirium no PO, foram utilizados o Confusion Assessment Method modificado para ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (CAM-UTI) e a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). A dor PO foi analisada por meio da Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) e a presença de componentes neuropáticos foi analisada por meio da Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas e Sinais Neuropáticos de Leeds (LANSS). Após análise, os pacientes foram divididos nos grupos Delirium (D) e Sem Delirium (SD). RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 79 pacientes. A prevalência de delirium foi de 16,5% (IC 95%=9,06-26,49%) e o número médio de comorbidades no pré-operatório foi um fator de risco significativo para a ocorrência de delirium (D=4,15±2,37 versus SD=2,96±1,78, p: 0,04). Outro fator de risco foi o grupo com mais de 65 anos, com ocorrência de delirium 1,45 vezes maior (RP=1,12-1,88, p: 0,0014). Em relação à avaliação da dor, 72,15% (IC 95% 60,93-81,65%) a relataram no 1º dia PO. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de delirium foi semelhante à de estudos anteriores. O número de comorbidades prévias e a idade avançada foram fatores de risco para delirium. A dor estava presente predominantemente na região da incisão da esternotomia.

Delirium severity and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients / Gravidade do delirium e desfechos de pacientes críticos com COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of delirium severity in critically ill COVID-19 patients and its association with outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in two tertiary intensive care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. COVID-19 patients were evaluated daily during the first 7 days of intensive care unit stay using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and Confusion Method Assessment for Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7). Delirium severity was correlated with outcomes and one-year mortality. Results: Among the 277 COVID-19 patients included, delirium occurred in 101 (36.5%) during the first 7 days of intensive care unit stay, and it was associated with a higher length of intensive care unit stay in days (IQR 13 [7 - 25] versus 6 [4 - 12]; p < 0.001), higher hospital mortality (25.74% versus 5.11%; p < 0.001) and additional higher one-year mortality (5.3% versus 0.6%, p < 0.001). Delirium was classified by CAM-ICU-7 in terms of severity, and higher scores were associated with higher in-hospital mortality (17.86% versus 34.38% versus 38.46%, 95%CI, p value < 0.001). Severe delirium was associated with a higher risk of progression to coma (OR 7.1; 95%CI 1.9 - 31.0; p = 0.005) and to mechanical ventilation (OR 11.09; 95%CI 2.8 - 58.5; p = 0.002) in the multivariate analysis, adjusted by severity and frailty. Conclusion: In patients admitted with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, delirium was an independent risk factor for the worst prognosis, including mortality. The delirium severity assessed by the CAM-ICU-7 during the first week in the intensive care unit was associated with poor outcomes, including progression to coma and to mechanical ventilation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar como a gravidade do delirium afeta pacientes graves com COVID-19 e sua associação com os desfechos. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva terciárias no Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Os pacientes com COVID-19 foram avaliados diariamente durante os primeiros 7 dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva usando a escala de agitação e sedação de Richmond, a Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) e a Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7). A gravidade do delirium foi correlacionada com os desfechos e a mortalidade em 1 ano. Resultados: Entre os 277 pacientes com COVID-19 incluídos, o delirium ocorreu em 101 (36,5%) durante os primeiros 7 dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e foi associado a maior tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva em dias (IQ: 13 [7 - 25] versus 6 [4 - 12]; p < 0,001), maior mortalidade hospitalar (25,74% versus 5,11%; p < 0,001) e maior mortalidade em 1 ano (5,3% versus 0,6%, p < 0,001). O delirium foi classificado pela CAM-ICU-7 em termos de gravidade, e escores maiores foram associados à maior mortalidade hospitalar (17,86% versus 34,38% versus 38,46%, IC95%, valor de p < 0,001). O delirium grave foi associado a um risco maior de progressão ao coma (RC de 7,1; IC95% 1,9 - 31,0; p = 0,005) e à ventilação mecânica (RC de 11,09; IC95% 2,8 - 58,5; p = 0,002) na análise multivariada, ajustada por gravidade e fragilidade Conclusão: Em pacientes internados com COVID-19 na unidade de terapia intensiva, o delirium foi fator de risco independente para o pior prognóstico, incluindo mortalidade. A gravidade do delirium avaliada pela CAM-ICU-7 durante a primeira semana na unidade de terapia intensiva foi associada a desfechos desfavoráveis, incluindo a progressão ao coma e à ventilação mecânica.

Validation of Nursing Outcome Indicators in Patients with Postsurgical Delirium / Validación de indicadores de resultados enfermeros en pacientes con delirium postquirúrgico / Validação de indicadores de resultados de enfermagem em pacientes com delirium pós-cirúrgico

Objective. To validate the content of the indicators proposed from the Nursing Outcome Classification in a care plan for delirium management in older adults. Methods. Content validity study, conducted under the expert judgment technique. The procedure was developed in five moments: organization of indicators that respond to the nursing outcome classification for delirium management, support with literature of the indicators that responds to the result, selection of experts, establishment of agreements, and discussion. Quality criteria evaluated: pertinence and relevance, the Content Validity Coefficient and average scores assigned by the experts were calculated. Results. The study had the participation of 14 experts. The indicators, according to criteria of pertinence and relevance evaluated by experts showed a global average content index value of 0.93; 97.05% (66) of the indicators had Content Validity Coefficient > 0.75. Conclusion. The quantitative findings of the indicator validation process showed high relevance and pertinence index, which favors their being applied to measure care changes in patients with delirium.

Objetivo. Validar el contenido de los indicadores propuestos a partir de Nursing Outcome Classification en un plan de cuidados para el manejo de delirium en los adultos mayores. Métodos. Estudio de validación de contenido realizado bajo la técnica de juicio de expertos. El procedimiento se desarrolló en cinco momentos: organización de los indicadores que responden a la clasificación de resultados de enfermería para manejo de delirium, soporte con literatura de los indicadores que responde al resultado, selección de expertos, establecimiento de acuerdos y discusión. Criterios de calidad evaluados: pertinencia y relevancia. Se calculó el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido, así como los promedios de los puntajes asignados por los expertos. Resultados. Se contó con la participación de 14 expertos. Los indicadores según los criterios de pertinencia y relevancia evaluados por expertos mostraron un valor global promedio de índice de contenido de 0.93. El 97.05% (66) de los indicadores presentaron Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido mayor a 0.75. Conclusión. Los hallazgos cuantitativos del proceso de validación de los indicadores mostraron alto índice de relevancia y pertinencia lo que favorece que puedan ser aplicados para medir cambios de cuidado en los pacientes con delirium.

Objetivo. Validar o conteúdo dos indicadores propostos pela Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem em um plano de cuidados para o manejo do delirium em idosos. Métodos. Estudo de validação de conteúdo, realizado através da técnica de julgamento de especialistas. O procedimento foi desenvolvido em 5 momentos: organização dos indicadores que respondem à classificação dos resultados de enfermagem para manejo do delirium, suporte com literatura dos indicadores que respondem ao resultado, seleção de especialistas, estabelecimento de acordos e discussão. Foram calculados os critérios de qualidade avaliados: relevância e pertinência, o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo e as médias das notas atribuídas pelos especialistas. Resultados. Participaram 14 especialistas. Os indicadores segundo os critérios de relevância e pertinência avaliados por especialistas apresentaram valor médio do índice de conteúdo global de 0.93. O 97.05% (66) dos indicadores apresentaram Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 0.75. Conclusão. Os achados quantitativos do processo de validação dos indicadores apresentaram alto índice de relevância e pertinência, o que favorece sua aplicação para mensurar mudanças no cuidado de pacientes com delirium.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese / Tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para língua portuguesa

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium anchor points from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points, all steps recommended internationally were followed after authorization for use by the lead author. The stages were as follows: translation of the original version into Portuguese by two bilingual translators who were native speakers of the target language, synthesis of the versions, reverse translation by two translators who were native speakers of the source language, review and synthesis of the back-translation, review by a committee of experts and preparation of the final version. Results: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points was conducted in accordance with recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that arose were discussed by a committee of judges, with 91.8% agreement, as determined using a Likert scale, after changes by consensus. After reanalysis by the authors, there were no changes, resulting in the final version, which was easy to understand and administer. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese spoken in Brazil were successful, maintaining the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The table of anchor points is easy to understand and will be helpful during the assessment of children younger than 24 months using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu todas as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente após a autorização de uso pela autora principal. As etapas foram: tradução da versão original para língua portuguesa por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma-alvo; síntese das versões; tradução reversa por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem; revisão e síntese da retradução; revisão por um comitê de juízes formado por especialistas e elaboração da versão final. Resultados: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu as recomendações. As questões linguísticas e semânticas que surgiram foram discutidas pelo comitê de juízes, no qual se observou concordância de 91,8% pela escala de Likert com pequenas alterações de forma consensual. Após reanálise dos autores, não houve alterações, resultando na versão final, de fácil compreensão e administração. Conclusão: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram bem-sucedidas com manutenção das propriedades linguísticas e semânticas do instrumento original. A tabela dos pontos âncoras mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e auxílio durante a avaliação das crianças abaixo de 24 meses por meio da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium.

Factores asociados al desarrollo de delírium en pacientes ancianos en el postoperatorio de cirugía por fractura de cadera / Factors Related to the Development of Delirium in Elderly Patients in the Postoperative Period of Hip Fracture Surgery / Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de Delirium em pacientes idosos no pós-operatório de cirurgia de fratura de quadril

Introducción: durante el postoperatorio por cirugía de cadera, el delírium es la complicación más frecuente en los pacientes ancianos, con una alta incidencia y prevalencia, la cual lleva a una alta morbimortalidad en ellos. Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con delírium en pacientes ancianos durante su posto-peratorio de cirugía por fractura de cadera. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte retrospectivo con pacientes hospitalizados por el grupo de Ortogeriatría en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá (Colombia), entre enero de 2017 y septiembre de 2020. Resultados: se incluyeron 210 personas, en quienes se documentó una incidencia de delírium del 28.57 %. En el análisis bivariado, las variables con asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron edad, dependencia, demencia previa, malnutrición, polifarmacia y tipo de anestesia. Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado, las dos variables con asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron edad (OR: 1.05; IC95 %: 1.01-1.10; p = 0.014) y demencia (OR: 2.83; IC95 %: 1.28-6.27; p = 0.010). Conclusión: las variables asociadas con delírium reportadas en el estudio concuerdan con la literatura ya publicada. Esto abre las puertas a futuras investigaciones no solo para identificar nuevos o más factores asociados, sino también para adoptar medidas en conjunto con los programas de ortogeriatría, a fin de intervenir estos factores y, de esta manera, poder disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia del delírium y, por ende, su morbimortalidad.

Introduction: Post-operative delirium after hip surgery is the most common complication among the elderly, with a high incidence and prevalence, which leads to high morbidity and mortality rates among them. Objective: To identify the main factors associated with post-operative delirium after hip surgery among older adults. Materials and methods: a retrospective analytical observational study was conducted using data from patients hospitalized by the Orthogeriatric group at the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, between January 2017 and September 2020. Results: 210 people were included in the study, with a documented incidence of delirium of 28.57% was documented. In the bivariate analysis, the variables with a statistically significant association with delirium were age, dependency, previous dementia, malnutrition, polypharmacy, and type of anesthesia used in the procedure. Nonetheless, in a multivariate analysis, the two variables with a statistically significant association were age (OR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.10; p = 0.014) and dementia (OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 1.28-6.27; p = 0.010). Conclusion: the variables associated with postoperative delirium reported in our study align with the existing literature. This opens doors to future research not only to identify new or more risk factors, but also to adopt measures, jointly with the Orthogeriatric programs, to intervene such factors so that the incidence and prevalence of delirium can be reduced, and therefore, reduce the morbidity and mortality among the elderly.

Introdução: o delirium no pós-operatório de cirurgia de quadril é a complicação mais frequente em pacientes idosos, com alta incidência e prevalência, o que leva a alta morbimortalidade nos mesmos e, assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores associados ao delirium em pacientes idosos no pós-operatório de cirurgia de fratura de quadril. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo com pacientes internados pelo grupo de Ortogeriatria do Hospital Universitário San Ignacio, em Bogotá, Colômbia, entre janeiro de 2017 e setembro de 2020. Resultados: foram incluídas 210 pessoas, nas quais foi documentado incidência de delirium de 28,57%. Na análise bivariada, as variáveis com associação estatisticamente significativa foram idade, dependência, demência prévia, desnutrição, polifarmácia e tipo de anestesia. Porém, na análise multivariada, as duas variáveis com associação estatisticamente significativa foram idade (or: 1,05; Ic 95% 1,01-1,10; p: 0,014) e demência (or: 2,83; Ic 95% 1,28-6,27, p: 0,010). Conclusão: as variáveis associadas ao delirium relatadas em nosso estudo concordam com a literatura publicada anteriormente. Isso abre as portas para pesquisas futuras não só para identificar novos ou mais fatores associados, mas também para adotar medidas em conjunto com programas de ortogeriatria para poder intervir nesses fatores e, assim, reduzir a incidência e prevalência de delirium e, portanto, a morbimortalidade

Premedication with midazolam in low-risk surgery in children does not reduce postoperative delirium. Prospective cohort study

Introduction: Pediatric postoperative delirium is a frequent complication for which preventive pharmacological measures have been suggested. The use of midazolam as a prophylactic strategy has not yet been thoroughly assessed. Notwithstanding the fact that it is used in pediatric presurgical separation anxiety, its role in delirium is yet to be established. Objective: To quantify the incidence of pediatric postoperative delirium in patients undergoing low risk surgical interventions, exposed to oral midazolam-based premedication and to explore the protective and risk factors associated with the development of delirium. Methods: Prospective, analytical observational study with a cohort design. Children were conveniently selected in accordance with the daily list of surgical procedures in the operating rooms. The inclusion criteria were children between 2 and 10 years old, ASA I-II, undergoing low risk surgeries. Concurrent and longitudinal follow-up was then conducted upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) for the first hour. Results: A total of 518 children were included. The overall incidence of delirium was 14.4 % (95 % CI: 11.4 %-17.5 %). In the subgroup exposed to midazolam, 178 children were analyzed, with an incidence of delirium of 16.2% (95% CI of 10,8 %-21,7). These patients exhibited a higher tendency to delirium with the use of sevoflurane or fentanyl, and/orwhen presenting with severe postoperative pain. Patients exposed to propofol and/or remifentanil showed lower incidences. Conclusions: No reduction in the incidence of emergency pediatric delirium associated with the use of pre-surgical oral midazolam in low risk surgical procedures. Prospective controlled trials and additional research are required to study the effectiveness and safety of this intervention.

Introducción: El delirio pediátrico posoperatorio es una complicación frecuente para la cual se han sugerido medidas farmacológicas de prevención. El uso de midazolam como estrategia profiláctica aún no ha sido suficientemente evaluado. A pesar de que se emplea para la ansiedad de separación pediátrica prequirúrgica, su papel en delirio aún no se ha establecido. Objetivo: Cuantificar la incidencia de delirio pediátrico posoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugías de bajo riesgo quirúrgico, expuestos a premedicación basada en midazolam oral y adicionalmente, explorar los factores protectores y de riesgo asociados a la ocurrencia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico prospectivo con un diseño de cohorte. Se seleccionaron niños por conveniencia de acuerdo con la lista quirúrgica diaria en salas de cirugía. Como criterios de inclusión se tomaron sujetos entre 2 y 10 años de edad, ASA 1-11, sometidos a cirugías de bajo riesgo quirúrgico. Posteriormente se realizó seguimiento concurrente y longitudinal al ingreso a la unidad de recuperación posanestésica (UCPA) durante la primera hora de estancia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 518 niños. La incidencia global de delirio fue del 14,4 % (IC 95 %;11,4 %-17,5 %). En el subgrupo expuesto a midazolam se analizaron 178 niños, quienes presentaron una incidencia de delirio del 16,2 % (IC 95 %;10,8 %-21,7 %). Estos pacientes presentaron una mayor tendencia a delirio con el uso de sevofluorano o fentanilo, y/o cuando presentaron dolor severo posoperatorio. Pacientes con exposición a propofol y/o remifentanilo exhibieron incidencias inferiores. Conclusiones: No se encontró una reducción en la incidencia de delirio pediátrico de emergencia asociada al empleo de midazolam oral prequirúrgico en cirugías de bajo riesgo. Se requieren estudios prospectivos controlados e investigación adicional para el estudio de la efectividad y seguridad de esta intervención.

Validation to Spanish of nursing assessment scale for early diagnosis of delirium - Nu-DESC / Validación al español de la escala de valoración de enfermería para diagnóstico temprano de delirium - Nu-DESC / Validação para o espanhol da escala de avaliação de enfermagem para diagnóstico precoce de delirium - Nu - DESC

Objective. This work aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Colombian Spanish version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). Methods.A psychometric study was conducted to achieve the goal of this study, which measured face validity, content validity, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the Nu-DESC. Results. Face validity obtained a total Aiken V of 0.89, and content validity showed a modified Lawshe index of 0.92. When Nu-DESC was applied to 210 adult patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit, it was found that 14.2% had suspected delirium. The instrument showed a sensitivity of 91.6%, specificity of 95.6%, positive predictive value of 73.3%, negative predictive value of 98.8%, good internal consistency with Cronbach's α of 0.8 and good concordance according to Cohen's Kappa index of 0.788. Conclusion. The Spanish version of the Nu-DESC scale for Colombia has appropriate psychometric values for assessing delirium risk. In addition, this scale is easy to apply, so the adaptation of nursing personnel for its employability favors routine monitoring and timely detection of delirium.

Objetivo. Determinar la validez y confiabilidad en su versión al español de Colombia de la escala de detección de delirium por enfermería (Nu-DESC, por sus siglas en inglés Nursing Delirium Screening Scale). Métodos. Estudio psicométrico, el cual midió la validez facial, de contenido, sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de la escala Nu-DESC. Resultados. La validez facial obtuvo un V de Aiken total de 0.89 y la validez de contenido mostró un índice Lawshe modificado de 0.92. Al aplicar Nu-DESC en 210 pacientes adultos hospitalizados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos se halló que 14.2% tuvo sospecha de delirium. El instrumento mostró una sensibilidad del 91.6%, especificidad de 95.6%, valor predictivo positivo de 73.3%, valor predictivo negativo de 98.8%, buena consistencia interna con α de Cronbach de 0.8 y buena concordancia según índice de Kappa de Cohen de 0.788. Conclusión.La versión en español para Colombia de la escala Nu-DESC tiene adecuados valores psicométricos para la valoración del riesgo de delirium. Además, esta escala es de fácil aplicación por lo que la adaptación del personal de enfermería para su empleabilidad favorece una rutinaria monitorización y detección oportuna del delirium.

Objetivo. Determinar a validade e a confiabilidade da versão colombiana em espanhol da escala de detecção de delirium em enfermagem (Nu-DESC, por sua sigla em inglês Nursing Delirium Screening Scale). Métodos. Estudo psicométrico, que mediu a validade facial, validade de conteúdo, sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos da escala Nu -DESC. Resultados. A validade facial obteve um V de Aiken total de 0.89 e a validade de conteúdo mostrou um índice de Lawshe modificado de 0.92. Ao aplicar o Nu-DESC em 210 pacientes adultos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, constatou-se que 14.2% apresentavam suspeita de delirium. O instrumento apresentou sensibilidade de 91.6%, especificidade de 95.6%, valor preditivo positivo de 73.3%, valor preditivo negativo de 98.8%, boa consistência interna com α de Cronbach de 0.8 e boa concordância segundo o índice Kappa de Cohen de 0.788. Conclusão.A versão em espanhol para a Colômbia da escala Nu-DESC possui valores psicométricos adequados para avaliação do risco de delirium.

Single-bolus dexmedetomidine in prevention of emergence delirium in pediatric ophthalmic surgeries: A randomized controlled trial

Purpose: Emergency delirium (ED), a common postoperative neurologic complication, causes behavioral disturbances leading to self?traumas and also has long?term adverse effects in children. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of a single?bolus dose of dexmedetomidine in reducing the incidence of ED. Additionally, pain relief, number of patients who needed rescue analgesia, hemodynamic parameters, and adverse events were assessed. Methods: One hundred and one patients were randomly allocated into two groups: 50 patients received 15 mL of dexmedetomidine 0.4 ?g/kg (group D) and 51 patients received volume?matched normal saline (group C). Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were monitored regularly throughout the procedure. ED was assessed with Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAEDS), and pain was measured using the modified Objective Pain Score (MOPS). Results: The incidences of ED and pain were higher in group C than group D (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Group D showed significant decrease in MOPS and PAEDS values at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min (P < 0.05), HR at 5 min (P < 0.0243), and SBP at 15 min (P < 0.0127). There was no significant difference in DBP between the two groups at any time point. The mean blood pressure (MBP) at 10 min was significantly less in group D than group C (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.4 ?g/kg as a single bolus over 10 min immediately after intubation is effective for the prevention of ED and significantly reduces the need of rescue analgesia without compromising the hemodynamic parameters in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery.

The impact of emergence delirium on hospital length of stay for children who underwent tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy: an observational retrospective study

Abstract Background Emergence Delirium (ED) is a combination of disturbance of perception and psychomotor agitation that is common in pediatric patients after general anesthesia, especially at preschool age. Since the effect of ED on the length of stay has been studied in adults but infrequently in children, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ED and length of stay in this population. Methods A single center, retrospective, observational study was carried out in children who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was used to assess ED. In addition to the time to hospital discharge (time frame 24 hours), drugs used, comorbidities, early postoperative complications, and pain were investigated if potentially associated with the complication. Results Four hundred sixteen children aged from 1.5 to 10 years (183 female, 233 male) were included. ED occurred in 25.5% of patients (n = 106). Patients were divided into the ED group and the No-ED group. The discharge time was similar in both groups. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of postoperative complications. The use of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine did not affect ED occurrence. The frequency of pain was greater in the ED group, both in the recovery room and in the ward (p= 0.01). Conclusions The occurrence of ED in children after tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy did not extend the length of stay.

Clinical value of Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales to predict hospital-associated functional decline in an acute geriatric unit in Colombia

Background: Older adults admitted to a hospital for acute illness are at higher risk of hospital-associated functional decline during stays and after discharge. Objective: This study aimed to assess the calibration and discriminative abilities of the Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales as predictors of hospital-associated functional decline at discharge in a cohort of patients older than age 65 receiving management in an acute geriatric care unit in Colombia. Methods: This study is an external validation of ISAR and HARP prediction models in a cohort of patients over 65 years managed in an acute geriatric care unit. The study included patients with Barthel index measured at admission and discharge. The evaluation discriminate ability and calibration, two fundamental aspects of the scales. Results: Of 833 patients evaluated, 363 (43.6%) presented hospital-associated functional decline at discharge. The HARP underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and intermediate-risk categories (relation between observed/expected events (ROE) 1.82 and 1.51, respectively). The HARP overestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in the high-risk category (ROE 0.91). The ISAR underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and high-risk categories (ROE 1.59 and 1.11). Both scales showed poor discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.55 and 0.60. Conclusions: This study found that HARP and ISAR scales have limited discriminative ability to predict HAFD at discharge. The HARP and ISAR scales should be used cautiously in the Colombian population since they underestimate the risk of hospital-associated functional decline and have low discriminative ability.

Antecedentes: los adultos mayores ingresados en un hospital por una enfermedad aguda tienen un mayor riesgo de deterioro functional hospitalario durante su estancia y después del alta. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las capacidades de calibración y discriminación de las escalas Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) e Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) como predictores de deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años que recibieron manejo en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Colombia. Métodos: este estudio es una validación externa de los modelos de predicción ISAR y HARP en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad geriátrica de agudos. El estudio incluyó pacientes con índice de Barthel medido al ingreso y al alta y la evaluación de la capacidad de discriminación y calibración, dos aspectos fundamentales para esta medición. Resultados: de 833 pacientes evaluados, 363 (43.6%) presentaron deterioro funcional hospitalario al momento del alta. La escala HARP subestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para los pacientes en las categorías de riesgo bajo e intermedio (relación entre eventos observados /esperados (ROE) 1.82 y 1.51, respectivamente). El HARP sobrestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para pacientes en la categoría de alto riesgo (ROE 0.91). El ISAR subestimó el riesgo de deterioro hospitalario para pacientes en categorías de bajo y alto riesgo (ROE 1.59 y 1.11). Ambas escalas mostraron una pobre capacidad de discriminación, con un área bajo la curva (AUC) entre 0.55 y 0.60. Conclusiones: este estudio encontró que las escalas HARP e ISAR tienen una capacidad de discriminación limitada para predecir deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta. Las escalas HARP e ISAR deben usarse con cautela en la población colombiana ya que subestiman el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario y tienen baja capacidad de discriminación.

Síndrome de Anton-Babinsky / Anton-Babinski Syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome de Anton-Babinsky es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico poco frecuente, que se manifiesta por anosognosia y ceguera cortical, debido a lesiones en las áreas visuales asociativas de la corteza occipital sin presentar afectación en la vía visual. En adultos mayores sus manifestaciones clínicas suelen ser atípicas y la valoración geriátrica integral permite orientar el diagnóstico, que se puede asociar con síndromes geriátricos. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones clínicas, síndromes geriátricos, paraclínicos y tratamiento de un paciente con Síndrome de Anton-Babinsky. Caso clínico: Paciente de 85 años, quien durante un postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía ocular (pterigión) presentó alteración fluctuante del estado de conciencia, alucinaciones visuales, disminución de la agudeza visual bilateral y anosognosia. La analítica sanguínea no reportó alteraciones y la tomografía computarizada de cráneo documentó isquemia occipital bilateral, se le diagnosticó síndrome de Anton-Babinsky. Conclusiones: El síndrome de Anton-Babinsky puede tener presentación atípica a través de síndromes geriátricos. La valoración geriátrica integral permite realizar un diagnóstico y manejo multicomponente oportuno con el objetivo de influir en el pronóstico tanto a corto como a largo plazo(AU)

Introduction: Anton-Babinski syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder, with a manifestation of anosognosia and cortical blindness, due to lesions in the associative visual areas of the occipital cortex without presenting visual pathway impairment. In elderly adults, its clinical manifestations are usually atypical and a comprehensive geriatric assessment allows to guide the diagnosis, which can be associated with geriatric syndromes. Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations, geriatric syndromes, paraclinical findings and treatment of a patient with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Clinical case: This is the case of an 85-year-old patient who, during the immediate postoperative period after ocular surgery (pterygium), presented a fluctuating alteration of consciousness, visual hallucinations, decreased bilateral visual acuity and anosognosia. Blood analysis reported no alterations and cranial computed tomography documented bilateral occipital ischemia; the patient was diagnosed with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Conclusions: Anton-Babinski syndrome may have an atypical presentation through geriatric syndromes. Comprehensive geriatric assessment allows for timely multicomponent diagnosis and management with the aim of influencing both short- and long-term prognosis(AU)

Cuidados intensivos de enfermagem ao idoso com delirium: um protocolo de revisão de escopo / Intensive nursing care to older adults with delirium: a protocol of scoping review

OBJETIVO: explorar sistematicamente a literatura quanto aos cuidados de enfermagem prestados aos idosos internados com delirium, em unidades de terapia intensiva, sejam eles para prevenção, sejam eles para manejo do delirium. MÉTODO: protocolo de revisão de escopo, estruturado pelas recomendações do Manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs, utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed via MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e Google Scholar. A bibliografia encontrada será organizada através do gerenciador EndNote. Após a exclusão dos estudos duplicados, as citações serão transferidas para o software Rayyan. Em seguida, será iniciada a triagem das referências por dois pesquisadores independentes. O processo da seleção de estudos será exibido no fluxograma adaptado do Checklist PRISMA-ScR. Os dados serão extraídos dos estudos através de uma planilha desenvolvida no programa Microsoft Excel pelos próprios autores, avaliando e interpretando as informações de acordo com o objetivo proposto. Os dados serão organizados em tabelas, quadros e fluxogramas, com discussão narrativa.

OBJECTIVE: to systematically explore the literature regarding the nursing care provided to the older adult hospitalized with delirium in intensive care units for the prevention or management of delirium. METHOD: scoping review protocol, structured by the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute manual, utilizing the following database: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We will organize the citations found through the EndNote manager. After the exclusion of duplicated studies, we will transfer the citations to the Rayyan software. Afterward, two independent researchers will begin the screening of titles / abstracts. We will present the selection process of studies in the Checklist PRISMA-ScR adopted flowchart. The authors will extract the data of the studies through a spreadsheet developed in the Microsoft Excel, evaluating and interpreting the information according to the objective of the study. We will organize the data in charts, tables, and flowcharts with a narrative discussion.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLYPHARMACY, LENGTH OF HOSPITALIZATION, AND DELIRIUM AMONG HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY PATIENTS

Background: Decreased organ function in the elderly is associated with the aging process, which initiates various chronic diseases and increases the risk of polypharmacy. Meanwhile, polypharmacy tends to provoke adverse drug reactions that prolong the treatment period and increases the risk of delirium in elderly patients. Aim: To determine the relationship between polypharmacy, length of hospitalization, and delirium in geriatrics admitted to the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was carried out Method: at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Patients aged 60 years or older who had 2 or more drugs during hospitalization were enrolled, while those with incomplete medical records were excluded. The demographic and clinical data were gathered, processed, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software and the P-value of <0.05 was considered signi?cant. A total of 116 subjects participated in this study and were dominated by males in the 60-69 Result: years age group. A signi?cant correlation was discovered between polypharmacy and the length of hospitalization (p=0.012). Polypharmacy was detected in 67.2% of subjects, 58.6% had an increased risk of drug interactions, 44% had a prolonged length of hospitalization, and 29.3% experienced altered mental status. This showed that several delirium-related drugs were still prescribed to geriatric patients, namely ranitidine (38.7%) and ketorolac (20.2%). There is a signi?cant Conclusion: relationship between polypharmacy, length of hospitalization, and delirium in geriatric patients.

Effect of seasons on delirium in postoperative critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis

Abstract Background and objectives Postoperative delirium is common in critically ill patients and is known to have several predisposing and precipitating factors. Seasonality affects cognitive function which has a more dysfunctional pattern during winter. We, therefore, aimed to test whether seasonal variation is associated with the occurrence of delirium and hospital Length Of Stay (LOS) in critically ill non-cardiac surgical populations. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients recovering from non-cardiac surgery at the Cleveland Clinic between March 2013 and March 2018 who stayed in Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) for at least 48 hours and had daily Confusion Assessment Method Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) assessments for delirium. The incidence of delirium and LOS were summarized by season and compared using chi-square test and non-parametric tests, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between delirium and LOS with seasons, adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results Among 2300 patients admitted to SICU after non-cardiac surgeries, 1267 (55%) had postoperative delirium. The incidence of delirium was 55% in spring, 54% in summer, 55% in fall and 57% in winter, which was not significantly different over the four seasons (p= 0.69). The median LOS was 12 days (IQR = [8, 19]) overall. There was a significant difference in LOS across the four seasons (p= 0.018). LOS during summer was 12% longer (95% CI: 1.04, 1.21; p= 0.002) than in winter. Conclusions In adult non-cardiac critically ill surgical patients, the incidence of postoperative delirium is not associated with season. Noticeably, LOS was longer in summer than in winter.

Summary of evidence for non-pharmacological management of delirium in PICU patients / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To search and summarize the evidence for the non-pharmacological management of delirium of critically ill patients in PICU, and to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence pyramid model, we searched computerized decision support system, websites of guidelines, and databases, and obtained the guidelines, clinical decisions, systematic reviews, and evidence summaries.After screening the articles, two researchers independently appraise articles using validated tools, and finally formed the evidence summary of delirium non-pharmacological management of critically ill patients in PICU.Results:Totally six articles were included for the evidence synthesis, including three guidelines, two systematic reviews, and one expert advice.Twenty pieces of evidence including four aspects were summarized, namely delirium screening, risk prediction, non-pharmacological prevention and management strategies, health care provider education and departmental standardization.Conclusion:The evidence summarized in this study can provide a reference to health care professionals.When we apply this evidence in the clinical setting, we should adapt it accordingly to the specific clinical setting to improve the effectiveness of the evidence.

Effects of hospital elderly life program to prevent the ICU-acquired delirium and weakness in patients after cardiac surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the applications value of hospital elderly life program in cardiac surgery patients in intensive care unit, and provide reference for improving the prognosis of patients.Methods:This was a prospective study. A total of 84 cardiac surgery patients in intensive care unit from April 2020 to February 2022 in the People′s Hospital of Leshan by convenient sampling method, they were enrolled and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the admission time, each group was 42 cases. Routine nursing care was carried out in both groups, the control group implemented delirium and debility prevention nursing, the observation group adopted hospital elderly life program. The incidence of ICU-acquired delirium and weakness, mechanical ventilation time, duration of ICU stay, the total length of stay and intensive care experience were assessed between the two groups.Results:The 42 cases were included in the final control group and 39 cases in the observation group. The incidence of ICU-acquired delirium and weakness were 17.95% (7/39) and 7.69% (3/39) in the observation group, lower than in the control group 38.10%(16/42) and 23.81%(10/42), the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.04, 3.90, both P<0.05); the duration of ICU delirium were (1.71 ± 0.95) d in the observation group, shorter than in the control group (2.81 ± 1.05) d, the difference was statistically significant ( t = 2.38, P<0.05); the mechanical ventilation time, duration of ICU stay, the total length of stay, the total score of intensive care experience in hospital in the observation group were (193.54 ± 21.67) h, (9.49 ± 2.11) d, (18.10 ± 3.12) d, (2.72 ± 0.26) points, lower than those in the control group (214.50 ± 27.25) h, (10.90 ± 1.97) d, (20.59 ± 4.07) d, (3.15 ± 0.35) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 3.11-6.35, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Hospital elderly life program can decrease the incidence of ICU-acquired delirium and weakness of cardiac surgery patients in intensive care unit, shorten mechanical ventilation time and hospitalization time, alleviate discomfort in the intensive care experience.

Analysis of risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients in a psychiatric hospital： a retrospective study / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe incidence of delirium in critically ill psychiatric patients is high， and there are many factors affecting delirium occurrence. At present， epidemiological studies on delirium among critically ill patients in psychiatric hospitals are limited. ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients in a psychiatric hospital， so as to guide the clinical management of delirium in psychiatric hospitals. MethodsThis retrospective study included 427 critically ill patients who were admitted to Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from January 1， 2019 to May 31， 2021. The delirium situation， gender， age， pre-admission course of illness （duration from the onset of acute mental state changes to in-patient registration at a psychiatric hospital）， history of mental illness， history of cognitive dysfunction， history of using psychoactive substances， history of using sedative and hypnotic drugs， number of combined chronic diseases， number of combined drugs and type of disease were examined as potential risk factors for delirium. Single Logistic regression was used to analyze the potential risk factors for delirium， and the potential risk factors were incorporated into the multi-factor Logistic regression analysis model so as to gradually screen out the risk factors for delirium in critically ill psychiatric patients. ResultsDelirium was present in 33.49% （143/427） of critically ill patients. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of delirium was associated with mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances （OR=8.949， P<0.01）， absent history of mental illness （OR=4.202， P<0.01）， number of combined chronic diseases （OR=1.249， P<0.01）， age （OR=1.031， P<0.01） and pre-admission course of illness （OR=0.942， P<0.01） . ConclusionDelirium was present in nearly 1/3 critically ill patients in the psychiatric hospital. The risk factors for delirium included short course of illness before admission， age， more combined chronic diseases， absent history of mental illness， mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances. ［Funded by Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties （number， SZGSP013）］